Arctium lappa L.

Asteraceae · 109 compounds recorded

Arctium lappa L.
Andrea Moro © Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste

Compounds in Arctium lappa L.

CompoundPlant partPathwaySuperclassClassAmountReference
(-)-ARCTIGENINfruitShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
(-)-ARCTIGENINfruitShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans270 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
(E)-2-OCTENALrootFatty acidsFatty acylsFatty aldehydes-Jim Duke's personal files.
(Z)-3-HEXEN-1-OLrootFatty acidsFatty acylsFatty alcohols-Jim Duke's personal files.
1-TRIDECENE-3,5,7,9,11-PENTAYNErootFatty acidsFatty acylsFatty alcohols11 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
1,11-TRIDECADIENE-3,5,7,9-TETRAYNE-Fatty acidsFatty acylsFatty alcohols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
1,11-TRIDECADIENE-3,5,7,9-TETRAYNErootFatty acidsFatty acylsFatty alcohols15 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
1,2-EPOXY-TRIDEC-1-ENE-5,7,9,11-TETRAYNErootFatty acidsFatty acylsFatty alcohols-Jim Duke's personal files.
1,3,11-TRIDECATRIENE-5,7,9-TRIYNE-Fatty acidsFatty Acids and ConjugatesUnsaturated fatty acids2 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2-METHOXY-3-METHYLPYRAZINErootAlkaloidsTetramate alkaloidsPyrazine and Piperazine alkaloids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2-METHOXY-3-PYRAZINErootAlkaloidsNicotinic acid alkaloidsPyrazine and Piperazine alkaloids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2-METHYL-BUTANOIC-ACIDrootFatty acidsFatty Acids and ConjugatesBranched fatty acids-Jim Duke's personal files.
2-METHYL-PROPANIC-ACIDrootFatty acidsFatty Acids and ConjugatesBranched fatty acids-Jim Duke's personal files.
3-METHYL-BUTANOIC-ACID-Fatty acidsFatty Acids and ConjugatesBranched fatty acids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
3-OCTENOIC-ACIDrootFatty acidsFatty acylsFatty alcohols-Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
3,5-DICAFFEOYL-QUINIC-ACIDleafShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives-Wealth of India.
3,5,7,9-TETRAYNE-Fatty acidsFatty acylsFatty alcohols-Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
4-AMINO-BUTYRIC-ACID-Amino acids and PeptidesSmall peptidesAminoacids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
5,7,9-TRIYNE-Fatty acidsFatty acylsFatty alcohols-Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
9(10)-DEHYDROFUKINONE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEremophilane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
9(10)-DEHYDROFUKINONEleafTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEremophilane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
9(10)-DEHYDROFUKINONEleafTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEremophilane sesquiterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
ALPHA-AMYRIN-TerpenoidsTriterpenoidsOleanane triterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
ALPHA-AMYRINleafTerpenoidsTriterpenoidsOleanane triterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-AMYRIN-ACETATE-TerpenoidsTriterpenoidsUrsane and Taraxastane triterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
ALPHA-GUAIENErootTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsGuaiane sesquiterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
ANEURINErootAlkaloidsNicotinic acid alkaloidsPyridine alkaloids3-11 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
APLOTAXENE-Fatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
APLOTAXENErootFatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons-Jim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIC-ACID-----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ARCTIC-ACID-BrootFatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons-Jim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIC-ACID-B-METHYL-ESTERrootFatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons-Jim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIC-ACID-Croot---0 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIGENIN-Fatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ARCTIGENINfruitFatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons-Jim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIGENINseedFatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons166-167 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIGNAN-AfruitFatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons125 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIGNAN-BfruitFatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons150 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIGNAN-C-Fatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ARCTIGNAN-CfruitFatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons140 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIGNAN-DfruitFatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons250 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ARCTIINfruitShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Jim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIINseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans12-30000 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ARCTINAL-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ARCTINALrootShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans0 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ARCTINOL-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ARCTINOLrootShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
ARCTINOL-Aroot---0 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ARCTINOL-BrootShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans0 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ARCTINONE-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ARCTINONErootShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
ARCTINONE-ArootFatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons3 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ARCTINONE-A-ACETATEroot----Jim Duke's personal files.
ARCTINONE-ACETATE-Fatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ARCTINONE-BrootFatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons-Jim Duke's personal files.
ARCTIOLleafTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEudesmane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ARCTIOPICRINleafTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsGermacrane sesquiterpenoids-Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.
ATROPINErootAlkaloidsOrnithine alkaloidsTropane alkaloids0-30 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
BAKKENOLIDE AleafTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsFukinane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BENEDICTINOLIDEleaf----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BENZALDEHYDErootShikimates and Phenylpropanoids---Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-AMYRIN-ACETATE-TerpenoidsTriterpenoidsOleanane triterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-ELEMENErootTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsElemane sesquiterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
BETA-EUDESMOLleafTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEudesmane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BIS-5',5'-ARCTIGENINseed---2 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
CAFFEIC-ACIDrootShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives2500 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CARYOPHYLLENErootTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsCaryophyllane sesquiterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
CHLOROGENIC-ACIDrootShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CLOVENErootTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsClovane sesquiterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
CNICINOLIDEleaf----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
COSTIC-ACID-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEudesmane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
COSTIC-ACIDrootTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEudesmane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CYPERENErootTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsPatchoulane sesquiterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
DAUCOSTEROLseedTerpenoidsSteroidsStigmastane steroids171 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
DECAN-1-ALrootFatty acidsFatty acylsFatty aldehydes-Jim Duke's personal files.
DEHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsGuaiane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
DEHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONErootTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsGuaiane sesquiterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
DIHYDROAPLOTAXENErootFatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons-Jim Duke's personal files.
EREMOPHILENEleafTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEremophilane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
FUKINANOLIDEleafTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEremophilane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
FUKIONEleaf----Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
GAMMA-GUANIDINO-N-BUTYRIC-ACIDrootAmino acids and PeptidesSmall peptidesAminoacids25 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
GERMACRANOLIDEfruitTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsGermacrane sesquiterpenoids-Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
HEPTAN-1-ALrootFatty acidsFatty acylsFatty aldehydes-Jim Duke's personal files.
HEX-2-EN-1-ALrootFatty acidsFatty acylsFatty alcohols-Jim Duke's personal files.
HEX-3-EN-1-OIC-ACIDrootFatty acidsFatty Acids and ConjugatesUnsaturated fatty acids-Jim Duke's personal files.
ISOLAPPAOL-AfruitShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans100 ppm; 50 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
ISOLAPPAOL-AseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Jim Duke's personal files.
ISOLAPPAOL-CseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Jim Duke's personal files.
LAPPANAESTHINseed----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPANESTHINseed----Wealth of India.
LAPPAOL-A-THRU-H-----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPAOL-BseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPAOL-CfruitShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans15 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
LAPPAOL-CseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPAOL-DseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPAOL-EfruitShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans60 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
LAPPAOL-EseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPAOL-FfruitShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans60 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
LAPPAOL-FseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans2 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPAOL-HseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPAPHEN-A-Terpenoids---Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPAPHEN-ArootTerpenoids---Jim Duke's personal files.
LAPPAPHEN-B-Terpenoids---Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPAPHEN-BrootTerpenoids---Jim Duke's personal files.
LAPPAURIC-ACID-----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LAPPAURINseed----Wealth of India.
LUPEOL-TerpenoidsTriterpenoidsLupane triterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
LUPEOLleafTerpenoidsTriterpenoidsLupane triterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LUPEOL-ACETATE-TerpenoidsTriterpenoidsLupane triterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
MATAIRESINOL-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
MATAIRESINOLfruitShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans60-350 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
MATAIRESINOLseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans171 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
NEOARC-Bseed----Jim Duke's personal files.
NEOARCTIN-BseedShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans38 ppmJim Duke's personal files.
OCT-3-EN-1-OIC-ACIDrootFatty acidsFatty Acids and ConjugatesUnsaturated fatty acids-Jim Duke's personal files.
PENTADEC-1-ENErootFatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons-Jim Duke's personal files.
PETASITALONEleaf----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PETASITOLONEleafTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEremophilane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PHENYL-ACETALDEHYDErootShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PHYTOLleafTerpenoidsDiterpenoidsPhytane diterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PROPIONIC-ACID-Fatty acidsFatty Acids and ConjugatesBranched fatty acids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PSEUDOTARAXASTEROL-TerpenoidsTriterpenoidsUrsane and Taraxastane triterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
PSEUDOTARAXASTEROL-ACETATE-TerpenoidsTriterpenoidsUrsane and Taraxastane triterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
PSI-TARAXASTEROLleafTerpenoidsTriterpenoidsOleanane triterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
TARAXASTEROL-TerpenoidsTriterpenoidsUrsane and Taraxastane triterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
TARAXASTEROLleafTerpenoidsTriterpenoidsUrsane and Taraxastane triterpenoids-Wealth of India.
TARAXASTEROL-ACETATE-TerpenoidsTriterpenoidsUrsane and Taraxastane triterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
TARAXASTEROL-ACETATEleafTerpenoidsTriterpenoidsUrsane and Taraxastane triterpenoids-Wealth of India.
TARAXASTEROL-PALMITATEleafTerpenoidsTriterpenoidsUrsane and Taraxastane triterpenoids-Jim Duke's personal files.
TETRADECA-TRANS-4-CIS-6-DIENE-8,12-DIYNE-1,3-DIOL-DIACETATErootFatty acidsFatty estersWax monoesters-Jim Duke's personal files.
TETRADECA-TRANS-4-CIS-6-TRANS-12-TRIENE-8,10-DIYNE-1,3-DIOL-DIACETATErootFatty acidsFatty estersWax diesters-Jim Duke's personal files.
TETRADECA-TRANS-4-TRANS-6-DIENE-8,10,12-TRIYNE-1,3-DIOL-DIACETATErootFatty acidsFatty estersWax diesters-Jim Duke's personal files.
TIGLIC-ACID-Fatty acidsFatty Acids and ConjugatesBranched fatty acids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
TRACHELOGENIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
TRACHELOGENINfruitShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsLignansDibenzylbutyrolactone lignans-Jim Duke's personal files.