Hypericum perforatum L.

Hypericaceae · 135 compounds recorded

Hypericum perforatum L.
Andrea Moro © Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste

Compounds in Hypericum perforatum L.

CompoundPlant partPathwaySuperclassClassAmountReference
(-)-EPICATECHIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavan-3-ols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
(-)-LIMONENE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMenthane monoterpenoids5-90 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
(-)-LIMONENEaerial partsTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMenthane monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
(-)-LIMONENEfruit, essential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMenthane monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
(-)-LIMONENEleaf, essential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMenthane monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
(+)-CATECHIN-Alkaloids---Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
(+)-LINALOOL-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids3-45 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
(E)-GERANIOL-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids4-72 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
1,3,6,7-TETRAHYDROXYXANTHONE-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsXanthonesMethyl xanthones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
1,3,6,7-TETRAHYDROXYXANTHONEleafShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsXanthonesMethyl xanthones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
1,8-CINEOLEessential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMenthane monoterpenoids-ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
1(3)-11(8)-BIAPIGENINaerial partsShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavones73 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
1(3)-11(8)-BIAPIGENINflowerShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2-METHYL-BUTENOL-Fatty acidsFatty Acids and ConjugatesBranched fatty acids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2-METHYL-DECANEaerial partsFatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2-METHYL-DECANEfruit, essential oilFatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2-METHYL-DECANEleaf, essential oilFatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2-METHYL-OCTANEaerial partsFatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2-METHYL-OCTANEfruit, essential oilFatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2-METHYL-OCTANEleaf, essential oilFatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2,2-DIMETHYL-7-ISOBUTYL-2H,5H-PYRANO-(4,3-B)-PYRAN-5-ONE----2-27 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
2,2-DIMETHYL-7-SEC-BUTYL-2H,5H-PYRANO-(4,3-B)-PYRAN-5-ONE----1-18 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
3-METHYL-BUTANOIC-ACID-Fatty acidsFatty Acids and ConjugatesBranched fatty acids-Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
4-AMINO-BUTYRIC-ACID-Amino acids and PeptidesSmall peptidesAminoacids-ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXY-BENZOIC ACID-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenolic acids (C6-C1)Cinnamic acids and derivatives-Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
4-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenolic acids (C6-C1)Simple phenolic acids-Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
4-HYDROXY-CINNAMIC-ACID-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
4-METHYL-ISO-PROPENYL-BENZENE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMenthane monoterpenoids1-9 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
5-METHYLHEPTAN-2,4-DIONE-Fatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons0-5 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
6-METHYL-HEPT-5-EN-2-ONE-Fatty acidsApocarotenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids1-18 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
6-METHYLHEPTAN-2,4-DIONE-Fatty acidsFatty acylsOxygenated hydrocarbons0-5 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ACETOPHENONE-Shikimates and Phenylpropanoids--0-2 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ADHYPERFOLINflower----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ADHYPERFOLINfruit----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ADHYPERIFORIN----2000-19000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-AMORPHENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsCadinane sesquiterpenoids0-5 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-AMORPHENEessential oilTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsCadinane sesquiterpenoids-ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
ALPHA-AMYRINaerial partsTerpenoidsTriterpenoidsOleanane triterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-CAMPHOLENOL-TerpenoidsApocarotenoidsMegastigmanes0-1 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-CUPRENENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsCuparane sesquiterpenoids16-288 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-EUDESMOL-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEudesmane sesquiterpenoids3-45 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-HUMULENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsHumulane sesquiterpenoids1-18 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-HUMULENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsHumulane sesquiterpenoids-Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
ALPHA-HUMULENEessential oilTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsHumulane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMonocyclic monoterpenoids0-5 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-PINENE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsPinane monoterpenoids13-245 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-PINENEaerial parts, essential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsPinane monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-PINENEfruit, essential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsPinane monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-PINENEleaf, essential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsPinane monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-SELINENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEudesmane sesquiterpenoids1-18 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-TERPENENOL-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMenthane monoterpenoids3-54 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-TERPENYL-ACETATE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMenthane monoterpenoids0-2 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-TERPINENE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMonocyclic monoterpenoids1-18 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ALPHA-TERPINOLENE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoids-2-27 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
AMENTOFLAVONEaerial partsShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
AMENTOFLAVONEflowerShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavones100-500 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-BOURBONENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsBourbonane sesquiterpenoids0-5 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-CAROTENEseedTerpenoidsCarotenoids (C40)Carotenoids (C40, β-β)165 ppmWatt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburg & London. 1457 pp.
BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsCaryophyllane sesquiterpenoids1-9 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-ELEMENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsElemane sesquiterpenoids0-5 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-EUDESMOL-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEudesmane sesquiterpenoids2-32 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-FARNESENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsFarnesane sesquiterpenoids1-9 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-MYRCENE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids10-190 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-MYRCENEaerial partsTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-MYRCENEessential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids-ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
BETA-MYRCENEfruit, essential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-MYRCENEleaf, essential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-PINENE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsPinane monoterpenoids335-6055 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-PINENEaerial partsTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsPinane monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-PINENEfruit, essential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsPinane monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-PINENEleaf, essential oilTerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsPinane monoterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BETA-SALINENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEudesmane sesquiterpenoids2-27 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BICYCLOELEMENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsElemane sesquiterpenoids0-2 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BORNEOL-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsCamphane monoterpenoids0-3 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BORNEOL-ACETATE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsCamphane monoterpenoids0-4 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
BRENZCATECHIN-Shikimates and Phenylpropanoids---Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CAFFEIC-ACID-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives1000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CAFFEIC-ACIDaerial partsShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives1000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CAMPHENE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsCamphane monoterpenoids1-18 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CARYOPHYLLENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsCaryophyllane sesquiterpenoids26-468 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CARYOPHYLLENEessential oilTerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsCaryophyllane sesquiterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CHLOROGENIC-ACID-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CHLOROGENIC-ACIDleafShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CINNAMIC-ACID-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CIS-TROLLIXANTHINflower----List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
CITRAL-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids0-6 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CYANIDIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsAnthocyanidins-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
CYCLOPSEUDOHYPERICIN-PolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
DELTA-CADINENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsCadinane sesquiterpenoids1-9 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
DODECAN-1-OL-Fatty acidsFatty acylsFatty alcohols-Gruenwald, J. et al. 1998. PDR for Herbal Medicine. 1st ed. Medical Economics Co., Montvale, NJ. 1244 pp. (abbreviated as PHR or Physicians Herbal Reference in my mind)
ELEMOL-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsElemane sesquiterpenoids0-5 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
EMODINANTHRANOL-PolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones-Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburg & London. 1457 pp.
FENCHOL-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsFenchane monoterpenoids0-5 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
FERULIC ACID-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
GALLIC-ACID-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenolic acids (C6-C1)Gallotannins-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
GAMMA-CURCUMENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsBisabolane sesquiterpenoids1-9 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
GAMMA-EUDESMOL-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsEudesmane sesquiterpenoids2-27 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
GAMMA-TERPINENE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMonocyclic monoterpenoids2-27 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
GENTISIC-ACID-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenolic acids (C6-C1)Simple phenolic acids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
GERANIC-ACID-METHYL-ESTER-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids0-5 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
GERANYL-ACETATE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids24-432 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
GUAIOL-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsGuaiane sesquiterpenoids2-27 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
GURJUNENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsAromadendrane sesquiterpenoids-ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.
HYPERESIN-1-----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERESIN-2-----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERFORIN-PolyketidesMeroterpenoidsPolyprenylated cyclic polyketides (Hop meroterpenoids)20000-45000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERFORINaerial partsPolyketidesMeroterpenoidsPolyprenylated cyclic polyketides (Hop meroterpenoids)-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERFORINflowerPolyketidesMeroterpenoidsPolyprenylated cyclic polyketides (Hop meroterpenoids)27930 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERFORINfruitPolyketidesMeroterpenoidsPolyprenylated cyclic polyketides (Hop meroterpenoids)-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERFORINleafPolyketidesMeroterpenoidsPolyprenylated cyclic polyketides (Hop meroterpenoids)-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERICIN-PolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones5000-7000 ppmLeung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
HYPERICINaerial partsPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones390-1780 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERICINessential oilPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones2200 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERICINflowerPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones860-18000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERICINflower, essential oilPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones5-19 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERICINfruitPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones730 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERICINleafPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones190-1950 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERICINseedPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones15 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERICINstemPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones40-210 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPERICODIHYDROANTHRONE-----Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburg & London. 1457 pp.
HYPERIFOLIN-----Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
HYPERIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols3500-5500 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPEROSIDE-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols3500-20000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPEROSIDEaerial partsShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols5000-40000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPEROSIDEflowerShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols6570 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPEROSIDEleafShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
HYPEROSIDEstemShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
IMANIN-----List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
IMANINaerial parts----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ISHWARANE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsRotundane sesquiterpenoids1-9 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ISOFERULIC-ACID-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsPhenylpropanoids (C6-C3)Cinnamic acids and derivatives-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ISOMYRICITRIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ISOQUERCETIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols3000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ISOQUERCETIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
ISOQUERCETINflowerShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
ISOVALERIC-ACID-ESTER-Fatty acidsFatty estersWax monoesters-List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
KAEMPFEROL-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
KIELCORIN-----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
KIELCORINroot----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
L-ORNITHINE-Amino acids and PeptidesSmall peptidesAminoacids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
LEUCOCYANIDIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavandiols (Leucoanthocyanidins)-Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
LUTEINflowerTerpenoidsCarotenoids (C40)Carotenoids (C40, β-ε)-List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
LUTEOLIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavones-Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
LUTEOXANTHINflowerTerpenoidsCarotenoids (C40)Carotenoids (C40, β-β)-List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
MANGIFERIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsXanthonesPlant xanthones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
MANGIFERINaerial partsShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsXanthonesPlant xanthones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
METHYL-3-BUT-3-EN-2-OL-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids-Gruenwald, J. et al. 1998. PDR for Herbal Medicine. 1st ed. Medical Economics Co., Montvale, NJ. 1244 pp. (abbreviated as PHR or Physicians Herbal Reference in my mind)
NEO-ALLOOCIMENE-Fatty acidsFatty acylsAcyclic monoterpenoids0-5 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
NEROL-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids1-18 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
NERYL-ACETATE-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsAcyclic monoterpenoids1-18 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
NICOTINIC-ACIDleafAlkaloidsNicotinic acid alkaloidsPyridine alkaloids0-1200 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
NONAN-1-AL-Fatty acidsFatty acylsFatty aldehydes23-414 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
NOR-CYCLOPSEUDOHYPERICIN-----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
NOVOIMANIN-TerpenoidsSteroidsFurostane steroids-List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
NOVOIMANINaerial partsTerpenoidsSteroidsFurostane steroids30000-40000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
OCT-1-ENE-Fatty acidsFatty acylsHydrocarbons2-17 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
OPCS-----Gruenwald, J. et al. 1998. PDR for Herbal Medicine. 1st ed. Medical Economics Co., Montvale, NJ. 1244 pp. (abbreviated as PHR or Physicians Herbal Reference in my mind)
PERFLAVITaerial parts----Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PHENOL-Shikimates and Phenylpropanoids---Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PHLOROGLUCINOL-PolyketidesPhloroglucinolsOligomeric phloroglucinols (phlorotannins)-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PHLOROGLUCINOLaerial partsPolyketidesPhloroglucinolsOligomeric phloroglucinols (phlorotannins)-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PINOL-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMenthane monoterpenoids0-1 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PROCYANIDIN-B-1-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsProanthocyanins-Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
PROCYANIDIN-B-3-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsProanthocyanins-Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
PROTOHYPERICIN-PolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PROTOPSEUDOHYPERICIN-PolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PSEUDOHYPERICIN-PolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PSEUDOHYPERICINaerial partsPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones40 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PSEUDOHYPERICINflowerPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones2260-5800 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PSEUDOHYPERICINleafPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PSEUDOHYPERICINseedPolyketidesPolycyclic aromatic polyketidesAnthraquinones and anthrones165 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
PSEUDOHYPERICODIHYDROANTHRONE-----Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburg & London. 1457 pp.
PYROGALLOL-Shikimates and Phenylpropanoids---Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols20000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETINaerial partsShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETINflowerShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols1000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETINleafShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETINstemShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETIN-3-BETA-RUTINOSIDE-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols16000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETIN-3-BETA-RUTINOSIDEaerial partsShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols10000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETIN-3-BETA-RUTINOSIDEflowerShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols1000-2800 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETIN-3-BETA-RUTINOSIDEleafShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols2000-3000 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETIN-3-BETA-RUTINOSIDEstemShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETIN-3-O-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETIN-3-O-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDEaerial partsShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETIN-3-O-XYLOSIDE-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCETIN-3-O-XYLOSIDEaerial partsShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCITRIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCITRINaerial partsShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols3000-5240 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCITRINflowerShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols3380 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
QUERCITRINleafShikimates and PhenylpropanoidsFlavonoidsFlavonols-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
RESORCINOL-Shikimates and Phenylpropanoids---Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
RHODAN-Shikimates and Phenylpropanoids---Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.
SAPONINseed----Watt, J.M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. 1962. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. Edinburg & London. 1457 pp.
SCOPOLETIN-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsCoumarinsSimple coumarins-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
SELINA-4,11-DIENE-TerpenoidsSesquiterpenoidsCyclofarnesane sesquiterpenoids0-3 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
TARAXASTEROLaerial partsTerpenoidsTriterpenoidsUrsane and Taraxastane triterpenoids-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
TERPINEN-4-OL-TerpenoidsMonoterpenoidsMenthane monoterpenoids1-9 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
TRANS-VIOLAXANTHINflowerTerpenoidsCarotenoids (C40)Carotenoids (C40, β-β)-List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
TROLLICHROMEflowerTerpenoidsCarotenoids (C40)Carotenoids (C40, β-β)-List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
UMBELLIFERONE-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsCoumarinsSimple coumarins-Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
XANTHONE-Shikimates and PhenylpropanoidsXanthones-13 ppmDuke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.