APIGENIN
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Name
APIGENIN
IUPAC name
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
SMILES
C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O
Molecular formula
C15H10O5
Molecular weight
270.24 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
270.0528 Da
Chemical classification: NPClassifier (Kim et al., 2021)
| Plant | Plant part | Amount | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium | - | - |
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
|
| Agrimonia eupatoria L. subsp. eupatoria | - | - |
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
|
| Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. | - | - |
Bhushan, R., Dhiman, R.P. (1984). Study of natural products of some plants of garhwal region. Trans Indian Soc Desert Techno Univ Cen Desert Studies, 9(2), 93-94
|
| Artemisia annua L. | aerial parts | - |
Wright,C.W.(Ed)2002.Medicinal&Aromatic Plants-Industrial Profiles.Artemisia.344pp.Maffei,M.(Ed)2002.Vetiveria.The Genus Vetiveria.Taylor&Francis.NY,NY.191pp.Southwell,I.,Lowe,R.(Eds)1999.Tea Tree.The Genus Melaleuca.Harwood Acad.Pub.Amsterdam,Netherlands.
|
| Ballota nigra L. subsp. meridionalis (Bég.) Bég. | aerial parts | - |
Seidel, V., Verholle, M., Malard, Y., Tillequin, F., Fruchart, J-C., Duriez, P., Bailleul, F., Teissier, E. 2000. Phenylpropanoids from Ballota nigra L. Inhibit in vitro LDL Peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research, 14(2): 93-98.
|
| Bellis perennis L. | flower | - |
Gudej, J., Nazaruk, J. (1997). Apigenin glycosidoesters from flowers of Bellis perennis L. Acta Pol Pharm, 54(3), 233-235
|
| Betonica officinalis L. | aerial parts | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Bidens frondosa L. | leaf | - |
Karikome, H., Ogawa, K., Sashida, Y. (1992). New acylated glucosides of chalcone from the leaves of Bidens frondosa. Chem Pharm Bull, 40(3), 689-691 doi:10.1248/cpb.40.689
|
| Carduus pycnocephalus L. subsp. pycnocephalus | aerial parts | - |
Amer, M.M.A., Salama, O.M., Omar, A.A. (1985). Flavonoids of Cardus pycnocephalus. Fitoterapia, 56(1), 61
|
| Cerastium holosteoides Fr. | aerial parts | - |
Darmograi, V.N. (1979). Flavonoids of some species of the genera Arenaria and Cerastium. Chem Nat Comp, 15(1), 78 doi:10.1007/bf00570864
|
| Cichorium intybus L. | aerial parts | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. | leaf | - |
Wollenweber, E., Mann, K., Hochwart, S., Yatskievych, G. (1989). Exudate flavonoids in miscellaneous Asteraceae. Phytochem Bull, 21(2), 19-23
|
| Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | flower | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | fruit | - |
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
|
| Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Cymbalaria muralis G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. subsp. muralis | aerial parts | - |
Romussi, G., Fontana, N., Detommasi, N. (1996). Flavonoids from Cymbalaria muralis Gaernt. Phytother Res, 10, S84-S85
|
| Daphne laureola L. | leaf | - |
Touati, D., Fkih-tetouani, S. (1993). Flavonoids of Daphne laureola L. Plant Med Phytother, 26(1), 43-48
|
| Daucus carota L. | fruit | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Equisetum arvense L. | - | - |
Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
|
| Erigeron canadensis L. | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Ervilia hirsuta (L.) Opiz | aerial parts | - |
Kovaleva, A.M., Kovalev, V.N., Shestko, I.E. (1987). Flavonoids of some species of vetch. Chem Nat Comp, 22(6), 724 doi:10.1007/bf00598367
|
| Glechoma hederacea L. | - | - |
Jim Duke's personal files.
|
| Globularia bisnagarica L. | aerial parts | - |
Klimek, B. (1988). Acylated 6-hydroxyluteolin diglucosides from Globularia elongata. Phytochemistry, 27(1), 255-258 doi:10.1016/0031-9422(88)80626-5
|
| Juniperus communis L. | - | - |
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
|
| Lathyrus pratensis L. subsp. pratensis | flower | - |
Ismaili, A., Reynaud, J., Jay, M., Raynaud, J. (1981). Flavonoids of Lathyrus pratensis (Leguminosae). Plant Med Phytother, 15, 155-159 doi:10.1016/0031-9422(81)84073-3
|
| Lathyrus pratensis L. subsp. pratensis | leaf | - |
Ismaili, A., Reynaud, J., Jay, M., Raynaud, J. (1981). Flavonoids of Lathyrus pratensis (Leguminosae). Plant Med Phytother, 15, 155-159 doi:10.1016/0031-9422(81)84073-3
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | - | - |
Oliveira, L.J., Pintoneto, N., Tavares, M.F.M. (2001). Critical assessment of electrolyte systems for the capillary electrophoresis analysis of phenolic compounds in herbal extracts. J Microcol Sep, 13(6), 227-235 doi:10.1002/mcs.1047
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | essential oil | - |
Mericli, A.H., Korkmaz, Y. (1992). Flavonoids of a Matricaria chamomilla var. recutica sample with no chamazulene in the volatile oil. Acta Pharm Turc, 34(3), 71-73
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | flower | - |
Carle, R., Dolle, B., Reinhard, E. (1989). A new approach to the production of chamomile extract. Planta Med, 55(6), 540-543 doi:10.1055/s-2006-962089
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | flower | - |
Exner, J., Reiching, J., Cole, T.C.H., Becker, H. (1981). Methylated flavonoid-aglycones from Matricariae Flos. Planta Med, 41, 198-200 doi:10.1055/s-2007-971700
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | flower | - |
Fonseca, F.N., Tavares, M.F.M. (2004). Validation of a capillary electrophoresis method for the quantitative determination of free and total apigenin in extracts of Chamomilla recutita. Phytochem Anal, 15(1), 65-70 doi:10.1002/pca.744
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | flower | - |
Hava, M., Janku, I. (1958). Bronchodilator action of apigenin. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 117, 23
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | flower | - |
Kolinek, J., Kolinkova, B., Proksa, B. (1986). Aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla. Patent Czech 231,474
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | flower | - |
Maier, R., Carle, R., Kreis, W., Reinhard, E. (1993). Purification and characterization of a flavone 7-o-glucoside-specific glucosidease from ligulate florets of Chamomilla recutita. Planta Med, 59(5), 436-441 doi:10.1055/s-2006-959727
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | flower | - |
Redaelli, C., Formentini, L., Santaniello, E. (1981). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of apigenin and its glucosides in flowers of Matricaria chamomilla and chamomile extracts. Planta Med, 42, 288-292 doi:10.1055/s-2007-971643
|
| Medicago sativa L. | aerial parts | 70 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Mentha spicata L. | leaf | - |
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
|
| Onopordum acanthium L. subsp. acanthium | flower | - |
Karl, C., Mueller, G., Pedersen, P.A. (1976). On the phytochemistry of the flowers of Onopordon acanthium L. (cotton thistle). Dtsch Apoth Ztg, 116, 57-59
|
| Onopordum acanthium L. subsp. acanthium | flower | - |
Karl, C., Muller, G., Pedersen, P.A. (1976). Zur phytochemie der bluten von Onopordon acanthium L.(eselsdistel). Dtsch Apoth Ztg, 116, 57
|
| Pilosella officinarum F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. | - | - |
Shelyuto, V.L., Bondarenko, V.G., Glyzin, V.I. (1977). Search for biologically active substances in plants of the flora of the belorussian ssr. Mater S'Ezda Farm B Ssr 3Rd, 152-153
|
| Pilosella officinarum F.W.Schultz & Sch.Bip. | flower | - |
Barnaulov, O.D., Manicheva, O.A., Shelyuto, V.L., Konopleva, M.M., Glyzin, V.I. (1985). Effect of flavonoids on development of experimental gastric dystrophies in mice. Khim Farm Zh, 18(8), 935-941 doi:10.1007/bf00779271
|
| Plantago major L. | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Populus ×canadensis Moench nothosubsp. canadensis | flower | - |
Wang, X., Wang, H., Wang, Q. (2000). Chemical constituents of male inflorescence of Populus canadensis Moench. Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao, 31(3), 171-173
|
| Populus tremula L. | bud | - |
Sokolov, I.V., Torgov, I.V. (1991). Flavonoid aglycons in propolis and its sources. Chem Nat Comp, 26(4), 468 doi:10.1007/bf00599014
|
| Populus tremula L. | bud | - |
Wollenweber, E. (1975). Flavonoid distribution and systematics in the genus Populus. Biochem Syst Ecol, 3, 35
|
| Primula veris L. subsp. columnae (Ten.) Maire & Petitm. | flower | - |
Karl, C., Muller, G., Pedersen, P.A. (1981). Flavonoids in the flowers of Primula officinalis. Planta Med, 41, 96-99
|
| Salix alba L. | bark | - |
Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
|
| Salix alba L. | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Stellaria media (L.) Vill. | aerial parts | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Succisa pratensis Moench | - | - |
Kowalczyk, A., Krzyanowska, J. (1999). Preliminary antifungal activity of some Dipsacaceae family plants. Herba Pol, 45(2), 101-107
|
| Tanacetum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum | seed | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Verbascum phlomoides L. | flower | - |
Papay, V., Toth, L., Osvath, K., Bujtas, G.Y. (1980). On the flavonoids from Verbascum phlomoides L. Pharmazie, 35, 334-335
|
| Veronica chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedrys | - | - |
Gusev, N.F., Teslov, S.V., Guseva, N.M. (1974). Flavonoids of Veronica genus plants. Chem Nat Comp, 10(4), 531
|
| Veronica chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedrys | aerial parts | - |
Nikolova, M., Gevrenova, R., Ivancheva, S. (2003). External flavonoid aglycones from Veronica chamaedrys L. (Scrophyulariaceae). Acta Pharm(Zagreb), 53(2), 145-149
|
| Viburnum lantana L. | leaf | - |
Godeau, R.P., Pelissier, Y., Sors, C., Fouraste, I. (1978). Study of the flavonoids of the leaves of Viburnum lantana and Viburnum tinus. Plant Med Phytother, 12, 296-304
|
| Vicia sativa L. | aerial parts | - |
Kovaleva, A.M., Kovalev, V.N., Shestko, I.E. (1987). Flavonoids of some species of vetch. Chem Nat Comp, 22(6), 724 doi:10.1007/bf00598367
|
| Vicia segetalis Thuill. | aerial parts | - |
Kovaleva, A.M., Kovalev, V.N., Shestko, I.E. (1987). Flavonoids of some species of vetch. Chem Nat Comp, 22(6), 724 doi:10.1007/bf00598367
|