QUERCETIN-3-BETA-RUTINOSIDE
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Drawn and modelled with RDKit, 3D viewer 3Dmol.js. PubChem CID 5280805
Name
QUERCETIN-3-BETA-RUTINOSIDE
Also reported as
QUERCETIN-3-RHAMNOGLUCOSIDE; RUTIN; VIOLAQUERCITRIN
IUPAC name
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-4H-chromen-4-one
SMILES
C[C@@H]1O[C@@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@@H](OC3=C(OC4=CC(O)=CC(O)=C4C3=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C=C3)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O
Molecular formula
C27H30O16
Molecular weight
610.52 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
610.1534 Da
Chemical classification: NPClassifier (Kim et al., 2021)
| Plant | Plant part | Amount | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acer negundo L. | bark | - |
Backheet, E.Y., Enaam, Y. (2003). Gallotannin and flavonoid glycosides from the stem bark of Acer negundo L. Bull Pharm Sci Assiut Univ, 26(1), 77-82 doi:10.21608/bfsa.2003.65470
|
| Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium | - | - |
Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.
|
| Agrimonia eupatoria L. subsp. eupatoria | flower | 1700 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Agrimonia eupatoria L. subsp. eupatoria | leaf | - |
Wealth of India.
|
| Alcea rosea L. | flower | - |
Srivastava, S.K., Jian, A. (1984). Pigments from the flowers of Althacea roses. Indian Drugs, 21(10), 468-469
|
| Amaranthus bouchonii Thell. | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Amaranthus deflexus L. | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Amaranthus retroflexus L. | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J.D.Sauer | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Amorpha fruticosa L. | leaf | - |
Rozsa, Z., Hohmann, J., Czako, M., Mester, I., Reisch, J., Szendrei, K. (1982). On the flavonoid composition of Amorpha fruticosa L. Stud Org Chem(Amsterdam), 11, 245-250
|
| Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. | - | - |
Saleh, N.A.M., Bohm, B.A. (1971). Flavonoids of Arctium minus (Compositae). Experientia, 27, 1494 doi:10.1007/bf02154314
|
| Artemisia alba Turra | root | - |
Marco, J.A., Barbera, O., Sanchez-parareda, J. (1987). Flavonol and coumarin glycosides from Artemisia incanescens. J Nat Prod, 50(4), 774-775 doi:10.1021/np50052a045
|
| Artemisia vulgaris L. | - | - |
Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.
|
| Artemisia vulgaris L. | - | - |
Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.
|
| Asplenium trichomanes L. | - | - |
Bhardwaj, K.R., Lal, S.D., Jaiwal, P.K. (1982). Occurrence of rutin in Asplenium trichomanes L. Curr Sci, 51, 1036-1037
|
| Astragalus monspessulanus L. subsp. monspessulanus | flower | - |
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Astragalus monspessulanus L. growing in semiarid areas of Algeria
Flavoalkaloids and Flavonoids from Astragalus monspessulanus
|
| Calendula arvensis (Vaill.) L. | flower | - |
Pinkas, M., Torck, M., Perrin, E. (1975). Studies on the chemistry of field-marigold. C R Acad Sci Ser D, 281, 447
|
| Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. subsp. bursa-pastoris | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Carlina vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris | leaf | - |
Rasolojaona, L., Raynaud, J. (1979). The flavonic glycosides of Carlina vulgaris L. Ann Pharm Fr, 37, 469-473
|
| Chaerophyllum temulum L. | seed | - |
Harbone, J.B., Williams, C.A. (1972). Flavonoid patterns in the fruits of the Umbelliferae. Phytochemistry, 11, 1741-1750 doi:10.1016/0031-9422(72)85030-1
|
| Cichorium intybus L. | leaf | 14000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Cichorium intybus L. | seed | 6400 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. | - | - |
Wallace, J.W. (1974). Tricin-5-o-glucoside and other flavonoids of Cirsium arvense. Phytochemistry, 13(10), 2320-2321 doi:10.1016/0031-9422(74)85051-x
|
| Cornus sanguinea L. subsp. hungarica (Kárpáti) Soó | flower | - |
Delaveau, P., Paris, R.R. (1961). Concerning the presence of rutoside and gallic derivatives from the flowers of Cornus mas and preliminary research with C. sanguinea. Bull Soc Chim Biol, 43, 661-666
|
| Cornus sanguinea L. subsp. hungarica (Kárpáti) Soó | leaf | - |
Delaveau, P., Paris, R.R. (1961). Concerning the presence of rutoside and gallic derivatives from the flowers of Cornus mas and preliminary research with C. sanguinea. Bull Soc Chim Biol, 43, 661-666
|
| Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | flower | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Eryngium campestre L. | aerial parts | - |
Hohmann, J., Pall, Z., Gunther, G., Mathe, I. (1997). Flavonolacyl glycosides of the aerial parts of Eryngium campestre. Planta Med, 63(1), 96 doi:10.1055/s-2006-957620
|
| Euonymus europaeus L. | leaf | - |
Olechnowicz-stepien, W. (1967). Isolation and identification of flavonoid compounds from the leaves of Euonymus europaea. Diss Pharm Pharmacol, 19, 91-97
|
| Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. cannabinum | - | - |
Aquino, R., D'agostino, M., Domestico, M., Senatore, F., Schettino, O. (1988). Flavonoid glycosides from Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. cannabinum. Fitoterapia, 59(3), 236-238
|
| Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. cannabinum | aerial parts | - |
Oswiecimska, M., Sendra, J. (1972). Eupatorium cannabinum L. Search for biologically active fraction. Diss Pharm Pharmacol, 24, 475-483
|
| Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. cannabinum | leaf | - |
Plouvier, V. (1975). Investigations on flavonoid glycosides in a variety of botanical groups: luteolin 7-glucoside and diosmin in Lonicera (Caprifoliaceae). C R Acad Sci Ser D, 281, 751
|
| Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. cannabinum | root | - |
Grzybowska, J., Jerzmanowska, Z. (1954). Studies on Eupatorium cannabinum.iii.chemical analysis of roots and stems with leaves. Rocz Chem, 28, 213-231
|
| Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. cannabinum | stem | - |
Grzybowska, J., Jerzmanowska, Z. (1954). Studies on Eupatorium cannabinum.iii.chemical analysis of roots and stems with leaves. Rocz Chem, 28, 213-231
|
| Eupatorium cannabinum L. subsp. cannabinum | stem | - |
Pagani, F., Romussi, G. (1967). On the constituents of Eupatorium cannabinum L. var. syriacum (Jacq.). Farmaco Ed Prat, 22, 771-785
|
| Euphorbia helioscopia L. subsp. helioscopia | aerial parts | - |
Ahn, B.T., Lee, S.H., Ro, J.S., Lee, K.S. (1995). A chemotaxonomic study on Euphorbiaceae in Korea. Nat Prod Sci, 1(1), 86-98
|
| Euphorbia maculata L. | aerial parts | - |
Ahn, B.T., Lee, S.H., Ro, J.S., Lee, K.S. (1995). A chemotaxonomic study on Euphorbiaceae in Korea. Nat Prod Sci, 1(1), 86-98
|
| Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve | leaf | - |
Kim, M.H., Park, J.H., Park, C.W. (2000). Flavonoid chemistry of Fallopia section fallopia (Polygonaceae). Biochem Syst Ecol, 28(5), 433-441 doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(99)00084-8
|
| Fumaria officinalis L. subsp. officinalis | - | - |
Torck, M., Pinkas, M., Bezanger-beauquesne, L. (1971). Flavonoid glycosides of Fumaria officinalis Fumariaceae. Ann Pharm Fr, 29(12), 591-596
|
| Fumaria officinalis L. subsp. officinalis | leaf | - |
Lalaurie, M., Massa, V., Susplugas, P., Susplugas, C. (1976). Rutin during the development of Fumaria officinalis L. Trav Soc Pharm(Montpellier), 36(3), 201-208
|
| Galega officinalis L. | aerial parts | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Galium aparine L. | aerial parts | - |
Tzakou, O., Verykokidou, E., Harvala, C. (1994). Comparative hplc analysis of polyphenolic compounds in four species of Galium L. J Liq Chromatogr, 17(20), 4463-4467 doi:10.1080/10826079408013630
|
| Galium aparine L. | fruit | - |
Seabra, R.M., Silveira, J.A., Vasconcelos, M.H. (1993). Phenolic compounds from Galium aparine and G. broteroanm. Plant Med Phytother, 26(1), 49-51
|
| Geranium purpureum Vill. | flower | - |
(1)In vitro anti-urease, antioxidant activities and phytochemical composition of Geranium purpureum - (2)Antimicrobial Activity and Analyses of Six Geranium L. Species with Headspace SPME and Hydrodistillation
|
| Geranium pusillum L. | aerial parts | - |
Kobakhidze, K.B., Alaniya, M.D., Aneli, D.N. (1999). Phenolic compounds of Geranium pusillum. Chem Nat Comp, 35(6), 683 doi:10.1007/bf02236305
|
| Glechoma hederacea L. | - | - |
CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
|
| Hedera helix L. subsp. helix | stem | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Humulus lupulus L. | fruit | - |
CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate Analyses
|
| Humulus lupulus L. | fruit | - |
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
|
| Humulus lupulus L. | leaf | 2000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Hypericum perforatum L. | - | 16000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Hypericum perforatum L. | aerial parts | 10000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Hypericum perforatum L. | flower | 1000-2800 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Hypericum perforatum L. | leaf | 2000-3000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Hypericum perforatum L. | stem | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Hypericum richeri Vill. subsp. richeri | - | - |
Kitanov, G.M., Blinova, K.F. (1987). Modern state of the chemical study of species of the genus Hypericum. Chem Nat Comp, 2, 151-166 doi:10.1007/bf00598748
|
| Juniperus communis L. | fruit | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Juniperus communis L. | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Larix decidua Mill. | leaf | - |
Niemann, G.J. (1975). Main flavonoids in needles of Larix decidua. Phytochemistry, 14, 1436 doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)98649-7
|
| Laserpitium latifolium L. | leaf | - |
Vereskovskii, V.V., Kuznetsova, Z.P., Loznukho, I.V., Sokolov, I.V., Osokin, D.M. (1993). Phenolic compounds of Laserpitium latifolium. Chem Nat Comp, 28(6), 631-632 doi:10.1007/bf00630451
|
| Lathyrus pratensis L. subsp. pratensis | aerial parts | - |
Ikramov, M.T., Mavasheya, F.A., Batirov, E.K., Malikov, V.M. (1990). Flavonoids of Lathyrus pratensis. Chem Nat Comp, 26(2), 225-226 doi:10.1007/bf00607555
|
| Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U.Manns & Anderb. | aerial parts | - |
Rastogi, J.N., Norula, J.L. (1979). Lacceric acid from Anagallis arvensis Linn. Chem Era, 15(10), 10-11
|
| Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U.Manns & Anderb. | flower | - |
Rastogi, J.N., Norula, J.L. (1980). Chemical investigations of Anagallis arvensis flowers. J Indian Chem Soc, 57, 761-762
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | - | - |
Oliveira, L.J., Pintoneto, N., Tavares, M.F.M. (2001). Critical assessment of electrolyte systems for the capillary electrophoresis analysis of phenolic compounds in herbal extracts. J Microcol Sep, 13(6), 227-235 doi:10.1002/mcs.1047
|
| Matricaria chamomilla L. | flower | - |
Achterrath-tuckermann, U., Kunde, R., Flaskamp, E., Isaac, O., Thiemer, K. (1980). Pharmacological investigation with compounds of chamomile. V. investigations on the spasmolytic effect of compounds of chamomile and kamillosan on the isolated guinea pig Ileum. Planta Med, 39, 38-50
|
| Mercurialis annua L. | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Morus alba L. | fruit | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Morus alba L. | leaf | 20000-60000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. | - | - |
Humphreys, F.R. (1964). The occurrence and industrial production of rutin in southeastern Australia. Econ Bot, 18, 195-253 doi:10.1007/bf02908118
|
| Parietaria officinalis L. | - | - |
Circosta, C., Limardi, F., Occhiuto, F. (1992). Antibronchospastic activity of flavonol glycosides of different extracts from Parietaria officinalis L. Riv Ital Eppos, 3(7), 42-48
|
| Parietaria officinalis L. | flower | - |
Budzianowski, J., Skrzypczak, L., Walkowiak, D. (1985). Flavonoids of Parietaria officinalis. J Nat Prod, 48(2), 336-337 doi:10.1021/np50038a033
|
| Pastinaca sativa L. subsp. sativa | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Pastinaca sativa L. subsp. sativa | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre subsp. lapathifolia | aerial parts | - |
Smolarz, H.D. (2002). Flavonoids from Polygonum lapathifolium ssp. tomentosum. Pharmaceutical Biol, 40(5), 390-394 doi:10.1076/phbi.40.5.390.8455
|
| Polygonum aviculare L. subsp. aviculare | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Populus alba L. | leaf | - |
Shaft, N., Ikram, M. (1982). Quantitative survey of rutin-containing plants. part 1. Int J Crude Drug Res, 20(4), 183-186 doi:10.3109/13880208209083302
|
| Primula veris L. subsp. columnae (Ten.) Maire & Petitm. | - | - |
Varnaite, R. (1988). Rutin content in Capsicum, Capsella, Urtica, Primula, Lepidium, Lactuca, Brassica, Anethum, Beta, Petroselinum, Allium genera representatives. Liet Tsr Mokslu Akad Darb Ser C, (4), 29-32
|
| Primula veris L. subsp. columnae (Ten.) Maire & Petitm. | flower | - |
Karl, C., Muller, G., Pedersen, P.A. (1981). Flavonoids in the flowers of Primula officinalis. Planta Med, 41, 96-99
|
| Primula veris L. subsp. columnae (Ten.) Maire & Petitm. | flower | - |
Petitjean-freytat, C., Carnat, A., Lamaison, J.L. (1993). The primrose flower: comparative study on Primula veris L. and Primula elatior (L.) L. Plant Med Phytother, 26(1), 27-35
|
| Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler | - | - |
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/
|
| Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris | - | - |
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/
|
| Prunus persica (L.) Batsch | fruit | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Prunus spinosa L. subsp. spinosa | flower | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. aquilinum | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Pyrus communis L. subsp. pyraster (L.) Ehrh. | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Rubus idaeus L. subsp. idaeus | - | - |
Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.
|
| Rumex crispus L. | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Salix alba L. | bark | - |
Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.
|
| Salix alba L. | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Sambucus ebulus L. | leaf | - |
Shaft, N., Ikram, M. (1982). Quantitative survey of rutin-containing plants. part 1. Int J Crude Drug Res, 20(4), 183-186 doi:10.3109/13880208209083302
|
| Sambucus nigra L. | flower | 19000-25000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Sambucus nigra L. | leaf | 210-9200 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Sanicula europaea L. | aerial parts | - |
Cisowski, W., Bieganowska, M.L. (1986). Hplc analysis of flavonoid compounds from both Meum athamanticum Jacq. and Sanicula europaea L. herbs. Herba Pol, 32(3/4), 155-159
|
| Senecio vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris | flower | - |
Mansour, R.M.A., Saleh, N.A.M. (1981). Flavonoids of three local Senecio species. Phytochemistry, 20, 1180-1181 doi:10.1016/0031-9422(81)83066-x
|
| Solidago gigantea Aiton | flower | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Solidago gigantea Aiton | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. virgaurea | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Stellaria media (L.) Vill. | - | - |
List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.
|
| Tussilago farfara L. | flower | 3600 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Urtica dioica L. | aerial parts | 500-6000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Urtica dioica L. | flower | 7000 ppm |
Jim Duke's personal files.
|
| Urtica dioica L. | leaf | - |
Jim Duke's personal files.
|
| Urtica dioica L. | root | - |
Jim Duke's personal files.
|
| Vaccinium myrtillus L. | leaf | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Verbascum phlomoides L. | flower | - |
Papay, V., Toth, L., Osvath, K., Bujtas, G.Y. (1980). On the flavonoids from Verbascum phlomoides L. Pharmazie, 35, 334-335
|
| Viburnum lantana L. | leaf | - |
Godeau, R.P., Pelissier, Y., Sors, C., Fouraste, I. (1978). Study of the flavonoids of the leaves of Viburnum lantana and Viburnum tinus. Plant Med Phytother, 12, 296-304
|
| Viola arvensis Murray subsp. arvensis | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Viola arvensis Murray subsp. arvensis | flower | 100000-230000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Viola odorata L. | flower | 20000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Viola tricolor L. | - | - |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Viola tricolor L. | flower | 100000-230000 ppm |
Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. Boca Raton, FL. CRC Press.
|
| Vitis ×instabilis Ardenghi, Galasso, Banfi & Lastrucci | leaf | - |
Moore, M.O., Giannasi, D.E. (1987). Foliar flavonoids of selected Vitis taxa in the southeastern united states. Biochem Syst Ecol, 15(1), 79-83 doi:10.1016/0305-1978(87)90085-8
|